Freeman (2008)...

TW Total water produced in a space and time (around a, b) by Divine and human sources Percentage of total water that becomes unusable due to development and expansion (industrial and technological), wars, violence, explosions destruction of water supply systems etc; is determined, among others, by religiosity levels. Percentage of water that becomes unusable due to household activities, carelessness, and attitude; is determined, among others, by religiosity levels..

SW = (1-a)TW) AW = wSW) Indicator of Scarcity of water as deviation from nature or intensity of difference from total water and available safe water. It is calculated as ratio of average water needed by 2 household a and b to safe water available for final use. And average consumption of each individual at time period t is dependent on his own average consumption need as well as others' need and the total endowment of available safe water in given space and time. ?

= 1 if total safe water available within given space and time is equal to wa+wb; a case of no scarcity f = (wa+wb)/AW Assumptions If own need and other's need is equal, then wa/wb = 1 For simplicity we assume that in a given space and time, household activities pollute 10 % water, industrial expansion pollutes 20 % water, wars and violence pollutes another 10 % and technological/nuclear advancement pollutes another 30% water.

* World war-1 ** World war-2 # Total (Absolute) quantity of water may be increased by scientific developments ^ Total (Absolute) quantity of water may be increased by supplications, thanksgiving, and repentance on sins (see Qur'an and Bible) ^^ Total (Absolute) quantity of water may be increased by sadaqah (see Qur'an; see …in Bible) Mahdvi religiosity applies to the last three notes above.

It is observable among devoted ones in Mahdism that they pray a special form of prayer or Istighasa for solving this type of problems. There are 12 general and specific phenomenon have been outlined in our earlier paper (Hamdani and Freeman, 2008) that can be explained under the Divine Economics Model of Natural Resource Management.