Fadhl ibn Shadhan an-Nayshaburi has been among the most...

Fadhl ibn Shadhan an-Nayshaburi has been among the most outstanding Shi‘ah scholastic theologians { mutakallimun }.

He met Imam ar-Ridha, Imam al-Jawad and Imam al-Hadi ( ‘a ), and has written many book on the subjects of kalam , beliefs and deviant schools of thought.[^11] Hasan ibn Nawbakhti (died 310 AH) was one of the Shi‘ah mutakallimun and among his books is Firq ash-Shi‘ah .[^12] Lesson 26: Summary Scholastic theology { kalam } deals with the discussion about the principles of religion { usul ad-din }. The first difference in religion was over the question of Imamate { imamah } which emerged…