Such statements address men...

Such statements address men, because men's roles were clearer and they were more at hand then. So, gender is not specified in these traditions and rules; they only reflect the conversational practices of the past. It is also inferred from Imam Sadiq's tradition that he is denouncing the oppressive judges. Two points deserve being underlined in the mentioned tradition; that the judge should ________________________ 1 Majma' al-Fa'ida wel-Borhan fi Sharh Irshad al-Athhan, 2/15.…