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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Elementary Arabic Syntax 2 Incomplete and Appropinquation Verbs What is an annular? An annular is a word that is added to an inchoative and predicate and changes their situation. An annular is either a verb (incomplete verbs or appropinquation verbs) or prepositions (particles which resemble a verb and the lā which denies a whole genus). What is the rule of annulars if they are verbs?

If an annular is a verb it is added to an inchoative and predicate and makes the inchoative its subject and puts it in the nominative case and puts the predicate in the accusative case. For example: کانَ الجوُّ صافیاً (The weather was clear.) What are incomplete verbs? Incomplete verbs are verbs that denote the state of a person or thing. They are not completed with the subject alone, rather they are in need of a predicate to complete the meaning as well.

For example: کانَ الرجلُ مریضاً (The man was sick.) How many incomplete verbs are there? The incomplete verbs are: • کانَ ، أصبح ، أضحیَ ، ظلَّ ، صار ، أمسیَ ، بات ، مادام All of these are conjugated in the preterite, aorist and imperative tenses. • مازال ، ما فتیَ ، ما برح ، ما انفکَّ All of these are conjugated in the preterite and aorist tenses. • لیسَ This incomplete verb is only conjugated in the preterite tense. Are these incomplete verbs always incomplete?

No, sometimes they have complete meanings, just like any other regular verb. This is the case when they denote an event not a state. For example: کانَ لیلٌ (It was night.) How many kinds of predicates of incomplete verbs are there? The predicate of incomplete verbs is the same as the predicate of inchoatives in that they can be nouns, sentences, or fragments. For example: کان عليٌّ أسد اً ('Alī was a lion.) or أصبَحتم في حزنٍ شدیدٍ (They were found in a heavy state of grief).

When does the predicate of an incomplete verb come before its subject? The predicate of an incomplete verb comes before the subject in the same cases that was mentioned of the predicate of an inchoative coming before the inchoative. Is it permissible to add a ' ba ' to the predicate of an incomplete verb? Yes, it is permissible to add a bā' to the predicate of an incomplete verb if: • the incomplete verb is کان which is preceded by a negative word.