The tradition includes some titles on sciences such as theology...

The tradition includes some titles on sciences such as theology, cosmology, astronomy, topology, psychology, setting right morals, purifying souls from vices, civil policies, sermons, commandments, asceticism, dispraising the world, the hereafter, the return to Allah, dispraising the unbelievers, the ignorant, their evil final result, the change of their growth into that of beasts, their being deaf, dumb, and blind, for they do not understand, and other knowledge and sciences...." We will present the text of the tradition of the Imam, peace be on him, along with a brief explanation some of which we have quoted from what the philosopher of Islam, Shaykh Mullah Sadra, has mentioned in respect with his explanation to this tradition.

Imam Musa, peace be on him, has said: "O Hisham, surely Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, has given good news to the men of reason and understanding in His Book, saying: Therefore give good news to My servants, those who listen to the word, then they follow the best of it; those are they whom Allah has guided, and those it is who are the men of understanding."[1] The Imam, peace be on him, has given this verse as a proof of giving precedence to the men of the sound intellects over other than them, for Allah has given good news to them of guidance and success.

The verse the Imam has quoted has a group of the scientific advantages; we will mention two of them: 1. Deduction is obligatory When man faces some correct and incorrect affairs, when his guidance depends of the correct and his misguidance depends on the incorrect, then it is incumbent on him to distinguish between them, that he may know the correct from among them and he follow it, and that he may know the corrupt from among them and he keeps far from it.

It is natural that such a distinction do not happen except through establishing proof and argument. This indicates that thinking and deduction in such an affair is obligatory. 2. Guidance is Occurrence The verse demonstrates that guidance is new and incidental; it is well-known that every incidental must have a founder also it must have and acceptor.

As for him who finds guidance, He is Allah, the Most High; for this reason He has ascribed it to Himself, saying: Those are they whom Allah has guided. As for those who accept it, they are the men of straight intellects, and to this meaning He, the Exalted, has referred in His words: and those it is who are the men of understanding.