5- Enmity and affray and quarrel in utterance 6- Affectation...

5- Enmity and affray and quarrel in utterance 6- Affectation in speech and trouble in rhythm and such like 7- Abuse and insult 8- Cursing 9- Profane singing and unsound sings 10- Indulgence in humour 11- Irony and mockery 12- Disclosing mysteries of others 13- Lie promise 14- Lie in speech and oath 15- Slander 16- Gossip 17- Hypocrisy in speech 18- Inappropriate eulogy 19- Negligence from speech's elegance and tools and mistakes thereof 20- Vulgar questions in respect to complicated issues related to beliefs, which cannot understand them Surely, pests and vices of tongue are not restricted to what "Ghazali" has numerated.

For instance, following affairs are among the vices of tongue, which are not stated by him: 1- Accusation 2- False evidence 3- Self-admiration 4- Spreading fornication and unfounded rumours, although being mentioned as a probability 5- Harshness in utterance 6- Improper insist (like Children of Israel, and etc) 7- Molestation of others with one's speech 8- Blaming one who is not despicable 9- Ungratefulness with tongue 10- False propagation and encourage to sin There is no doubt that correction of tongue should be studied and taught as one of the most critical moral issues.

The importance of this subject is clear when we consider the fact that tongue is the simplest and easiest and cheapest means available for man, and its speedy function is not comparable with anything else, and so we shall be very careful of it, and in this view, we can resemble it to the useful materials having an explosive power and capability. As man takes care of them attentively, he should always be watchful to this sensible organ.

Silence and reticence Taking into account the above risks caused by leaving the tongue free, ethic scholars have deemed silence, in cases that speaking is not necessary, as one of the ways of preventing those great risks, and a lot of traditions are mentioned about it from Prophet (S) and Prophet's House (A.S.), and this is the reason why a number of great men have started purification of their carnal soul from this matter.