●The learning of corrupting subjects, or teaching them to other than those who want to refute them. Miscellaneous • Making statues, as well as buying, selling, and promoting them for the purpose of worship. • Buying and selling swine and fighting dogs. • Taking and giving usury, managing or dealing with any aspect of preparing or finalising the process of a contract involving usury, and the brokerage about it. • Shaving one’s or others’ beards. • To be self-praising about one’s own worships.
●A fury that leads to Haram. • To break one’s bond with relatives. • Earning by unlawful things and means. • To write erotic poetry about a chaste woman or a boy, etc. • The use of intoxicants, whether drinking, serving, selling, buying, farming the plants [of their fruits] for this purpose, making, using their proceeds, taking them to others, renting a property, a vehicle, or anything else for their purpose, and also all uses of them such as treating injuries unnecessarily, and suchlike.
Needless to say, some of the conducts above may be related to others in the list, but they have been included for the seriousness of the conduct, as this has been indicated by various Qur’anic verses or Prophetic H{adith or traditions.
Furthermore, it should be noted that some of the conducts mentioned above constitute kufr (disbelief), some are shirk (polytheism or association), some are kaba>’er (major sins), and some are subject to kaffa>rah (payment of fine or compensation), or subject to h}add (punishment predefined in the Qur’an or the hadith) or ta’zeer (punishment as prescribed by the Islamic judge), all of which are detailed in relevant jurisprudence texts.
The Unethical Conducts There the habits and traits that are morally abominable and therefore it is imperative for the Muslim individual to avoid them and refrain from them, and they are many. The scholars of ethics have mentioned them in their books and here we shall mention most of them, some of which, according to shari’ah, are even prohibited. • To seek revenge. • To boast about oneself. • To be very optimistic or overconfident about oneself264. • To consider one’s own good deeds as great.
●To belittle other’s good deeds. • To consider other’s bad deeds as great. • To belittle one’s own bad deeds. • Not to care about one’s own bad conduct and ignore other’s protests against it. • To look down on people. • To cause inconvenience to others. • To transgress, even by sitting comfortably265 in a packed place.