But it...

But it, on the other hand, the particular relative is indeed more competent, more suited to the post, and more properly deserving in every respect than any of the men available for selection, then it would be sheer injustice to disqualify him for the simple reason that he is related to the person making the selection. Let us see to which side the scales of justice incline.

We have to judge between Imam Ali on the one hand, and those who contrived to secure the caliphate at the SAQIFA, namely ABU BAKR and UMAR, on the other. For an agent, successor or caliph, it is absolutely essential that he be as much like his principal as possible. The greater the similarity, the greater the fitness.

The continuance of the work of Government, Caliphate, or any other institution for that matter, with the same efficiency, control and spirit as prevailed in the principal's own lifetime, cannot be assured without this likeness in the successor. Succession to the Prophet (P) meant taking his place in both the Spiritual and Temporal Government of Islam.

For the spiritual branch of government, the caliph had to be on a level with the Prophet (P) in respect of the following criteria: Freedom from the vice of idolatry. Precedence over all others in accepting the truth of the Prophet's mission. Purity and strength of faith. (Unfaultable) courage and unflinching faith, to enable him to stick to his post at the risk of his life, whether on the field of battle or whether in the humbler sphere of everyday life.

Invincibility, both into the teachings of the battle and in the field of learning. Deep insight into the teachings of the QUR'AN and a perfect knowledge of its correct interpretation. Superiority to all in every good quality and human virtue. Selfless devotion to the cause of Islam. For the temporal branch of government of the pattern set by Islam, the following qualities must be present in the successor, just as they were found in the Prophet (P).

The ability as well as the desire to do justice between men. The sagacity to order state policy in strict conformity with the tenets of Islam. The realization of his responsibility for the actions of his governors and subordinates. Good management at home and the ability to command respect abroad.