But skill increased over the centuries (which have left...

But skill increased over the centuries (which have left their relics for us to find and so reconstruct their life) and finally led them out of the stone Ages into: 4. The Bronze Age : with the use of metals, came the birth of civilization justly so-called. For Civilization is from the same root as "City" and connotes "social living".

So does also "Tamaddun" the Arabic, from the root M-D-N — city or community life: so do also "policy" and "police" from the Greek "polis" : "urbane" from "urbs" and so on. For with it human life assumed a novel aspect and entered a new phase. Man was no longer a mere hungry animal always busied with the quest for food. From concentration on his belly and its needs he emerged to dreams and visions and an objective consciousness of the world around him.

The more victories he gained in his struggle with nature, the more his desires and needs increased. Emerging from barbarism he found the final road toward civilization: freed from the trammels of ignorance and dullness imposed by his conditions, he set out on the pursuit of learning and science. The human animal's progress was distinguished from other species' stagnation by a spiritual factor.

An internal quality we call intellect or reason, the most amazing of all phenomena, gave man hindsight and foresight, to assess the past and improve on it, to be alert to fresh methods and to innovations. Every forward step he took imprinted itself on the memory banks of the race. A sense of dissatisfaction over imperfections spurred him on to correct them. Thus unfolded the effects of this invisible, indescribable, marvelous phenomenon called "mind".

Its light causes him to observe objects and events, reflect on them, learn from experience and store the information for future use in that astounding computer called "the brain" as "memory", where it is available for the construction of new hypotheses, visions, experiments and advances. Two other revolutionary products of human ingenuity arose in the mists of prehistoric antiquity: 1.

The invention of the Wheel for transport — at first mere rolling of heavy objects on logs— to the axle-tree between two roundels—to the developed cart, set between true wheels with axle, hub, spokes, felloes and tire: and 2.