ভূমিকা

First it says: " He to Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth, ..."[^1] Yes, He is the ruler of all universe, the skies and the earth, and nothing is out of His sovereignty.

With regard to the matter that the Qur'anic word /lahu/ has come before the phrase /mulk-us-samawat/, and according to Arabic literature it is a reason for limitation and exclusivity, it is understood that the real domination and authority of the skies and the earth belongs to Him (s.w.t), for His rulership is general, perpetual and real, contrary to other rulerships that are unstable, insignificant, and, in the meantime, dependent on Him.

Then polytheists' beliefs are one by one rejected: [^1] According to Raqib in Mufradat, the word /mulk/ means: 'To take something in one's authority and having dominion on it.' "... and He has not taken any son (unto Himself),..." Basically needing child, as we said before, is whether for using his or her physical power, or for having him or her at the time of loneliness. Certainly none of the above needs are part of His Pure Essence.

In this way, the Christians' belief that Jesus Christ (a.s.) is the Son of God and the belief of the Jews that Ezra is the Son of God both are rejected. Moreover, Arab polytheist's belief in this regard is rejected. Then the verse continues saying: "... nor has He any partner in His dominion,..." Arab polytheists believed in partner or partners which they considered as partner of Allah.