ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Mulla Sadra's Seddiqin Argument For the Existence of God Part two: The Seddiqin Argument: Its Foundations and Developments Introduction It is usual assumed that the arguments for proving the existence of God are just as Kant's classification and they are in Western tradition. The main arguments are ontological, cosmological and design arguments.

There are also some more arguments posed after this classification like arguments from religious experience, moral arguments and etc. But all of them are not as important as the first three ones. Every book in philosophy of religion has allocated an important chapter for the arguments for the existence of God. There is also a long adventure for these arguments: some philosophers have developed them and some others have criticized them.

All the debates centers on these three as if there is no other attempt in this regards. The adventure of arguments for proving the existence of God in later development of Islamic philosophy has quite different line from Western philosophy of religion. These philosophical works in this respect are unknown for Western thinkers.

The necessitycontingency argument has different path in Islamic philosophy nowadays from cosmological argument especially in Leibnizian reading of this argument that is based on "sufficient reason". Seddiqin argument is a notable argument for the existence of God that is ignored by Western thinkers and is quite different from all of those arguments in Western philosophy. Mulla Sadra has presented the most important version of this argument.

The mystical background of Mulla Sadra prepared some important notions for him that enabled him to mature his philosophical ideas. He studied deeply mysticism, especially Ibn Arabi's teachings, as one of the main sources of his philosophy. He had also a good background in philosophy, theology and Quranic studies. All of these teachings bring about a philosophical thought that he expressed as Hikmat (Wisdom). Therefore Hikmat is a combination of all of those schools.

The most important teachings of mysticism in his era were on existence instead of categorical views of philosophy. Mystics have emphasized on intuition rather than understanding concepts philosophically. They also taught that existence in itself, first of all, point to God then other existent beings that have existence figuratively. But these views can be captured only by intuition and it is not demonstrable.