He had very new ideas in philosophy (especially ontology)...

He had very new ideas in philosophy (especially ontology) that made him the brightest star in Islamic philosophy. His new ideas mark a turning-point in Islamic philosophy so that the other philosophers after him were affected by his view points. The Seddiqin Argument that we analyzed in this research is a more developed argument for proving the existence of God in the light of his philosophical views about existence, necessity, causality etc.

The fundamental reality (principality) of existence is the most important bases of his philosophy and can change our view about more other philosophical affairs. Consequently, the above study is divided into three parts. The first introduced Mulla Sadra as an Islamic philosopher to make clear his background, life, works, views and historical relation to other schools, etc.

This was a preparatory part for introducing the one who projected the Seddiqin Argument in the true Seddiqin manner of argumentation. The second part was devoted to the explanation of the Seddiqin Argument. Since this argument is based on some philosophical views of Mulla Sadra that without which the argument can not be understood, I allocated three chapters for this explanation about “existence”, “necessity” and “causality” in his view.

Then the Seddiqin Argument in Mulla Sadra’s view was presented in the interpretations of two contemporary commentators of his philosophy. There were not the final statements about Seddiqin Argument; for the argument had some background in Avicenna’s thought which Mulla Sadra improved, as well as developments after Mulla Sadra by Sabzavari and Tabatabaii, which were presented also.

In the end of this part I compared the Seddiqin Argument with what is known in the western philosophy as the ontological argument, and enumerated three differences between these two arguments by which the Seddiqin Argument has been vaccinated against some criticisms made against the ontological argument. The third part examined the Seddiqin Argument in relation to standard criticisms that raised against the soundness of ontological and cosmological arguments.

Since most important criticisms are taken from Hume and Kant, their criticisms were first presented, then the Seddiqin Argument was examined in relation to these criticisms specially those ones which refer to existence and necessity. This part reviewed seven more important criticisms.