Not only were human-based empirical sciences taken as a...

Not only were human-based empirical sciences taken as a universal Truth-which has its human faults/biases (see Cuvier’s work on the “Hottentot Venus” and The Origin of Species by Darwin for example)-but so were any Western philosophical theories that gained widespread acceptance…essentially those that agreed with Western European culture.

Philosophers’ individual personal reasoning/opinions became a post-hoc response to justify society’s changing religious attitudes and new liberal culture in Western Europe (Zarabozo 2, 2010). Anything that was Western was presented as “Human” and “Universal” objective Truth, and everything else was subjective uncivilized notions of culture, bias, and savageness (Moore, 2007, pgs.36, 57-