That the result of `Ijtihad' is...

That the result of `Ijtihad' is, at most, speculative and therefore liable to criticism and abrogation where the mistake of the scholar exercising Ijtihad is established. On these bases, the scientific dialogue concerning the disputed issues takes off. 4- The Book and the Sunna are the basic proofs accepted by all Muslims and the yardstick for all other disputed proofs.

The discussion must start from this fact, then proofs are adduced for the soundness or otherwise of other sources of Islamic jurisprudence, such as analogy `qiyas' and approval `istihisan'. Similarly, the proofs for the controversial secondary rules `ahkam al-far`iyya' are tested. 5-The experts on hadith and other great learned scholars from different Islamic…