Ibn Abdulbarr in Esti‘ab in Ziad's biography.

Ibn Abdulbarr in Esti‘ab in Ziad's biography. Ya‘qoubi, vol.2, page 195. Mas‘oudi in Morooj al-Dhahabi, vol.2, p.54. Soyouti in the events of the year 41 Hejri. Ibn Kathir, vol.8, p.28. Abul Fada, page 194. Tabari in vol.4, p.259, and in the events of the year 44 Hejri, also in the events of the year 160, pp.334—335. Sahih Muslim, vol.l, p.57. Osdul Ghaba wal Esaba, under Ziad biography. Ibn ‘Asaker, vol.5, pp.409—421 Ya‘qubi, vol.4, p.160.

Other historians have referred to it, but we decided here to cut the story short. Conclusion All historians have recorded that:- a) Ziad was born in ‘Obaid's household by his immoral wife Somayya who was made pregnant by Abu Sufyan on the night she was introduced to him by a man called Abimaryam Selluli. b) Abu Sufyan betrayed Ziad in ‘Omar's presence. c) Mo'awiah accepted Ziad as his brother.

d) Muslims have criticized Mo'awiah who disregarded the Prophet's order, ‘The child belongs to the household,' where a husband and wife live together, a child born will be the son of those couple even if the wife was pregnant by a stranger.

e) After the downfall of Amawi Dynasty, Ziad some- times was called ‘Son of His Father' and other times ‘Son of Somayya (his mother).' Saif wanted to take the responsibility away from Mo'awiah, who offered his brotherhood to Ziad, and invented a story in which Ziad was called, ‘Son of Abu Sufyan' in ‘Omar's time, long before Mo'awiah, and in that time Obaid was called Ziad's guardian, yet we know that Ziad in one of his speeches confessed to be the son of Obaid as recorded in Ya‘qoubi, vol.2, p.195.