Lexical ...

Lexical : The word hashr means gathering (mustering) in Arabic[^4] and thus the gathering place of people is called mahshar .[^5] Since gathering of people together requires their intermingling, the word hashr can be translated as ikhtilat (mixture), too, which is the concomitant of the lexical meaning.[^6] However, it is to be noted that in Arabic the word hashr is used to imply the meaning of gathering when this action is carried out with a kind of forcing and driving ( al-jam‘ ma‘ al-sawq = gathering by means of driving);[^7] thus, this word is also used to describe the forced migration of people from their inhabiting place.[^8] Perhaps it is with such consideration that Allah Almighty has used the two words baththa (scattered) and jam‘ (to gather) in the meaning of scattering and gathering in Surat al-Shura in order to show the presence of the animals in the Hereafter, and takes upon Himself the gathering of animals and to actualize it He uses the word Ghadir (Able, All-Powerful).[^9] ﴾Among His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and whatever creatures He has scattered in them, and He is Able to gather them whenever He wishes.﴿ [^10] Therefore, translating the word hashr into mawt (death), as presumed in some exegetical texts,[^11] cannot be correct, because in this case it may no longer mean hashr towards God.[^12] 2.1.1.

Connotative : What is meant by hashr in religious texts is “to bring out the dead from the graves and to drive them toward the place of reckoning (judgment).”[^13] Some theologians, however, have applied this word to the first stage of the Resurrection Day, i.e. bringing the dead to life.[^14] 2.1.

Communal Life of Animals : The statement ﴾There is no animal on land, or a bird that flies with its wings, but they are communities like yourselves﴿[^15] denotes that from the viewpoint of the Holy Qur’an animals, like human beings, are communities ( umam ).