This happens by taking seven of the above eight tables and...

This happens by taking seven of the above eight tables and incorporating them into مضارع and keeping أمر حاضر معروف as the third distinct type of فعل . The breakdown is as follows: ماضي , the past-tense verb. مبني in its entirety, as mentioned previously. مضارع , the present and future-tense verb. Predominantly معرب , as will be seen shortly. أمر حاضر معروف , the second person, active-command verb, also مبني in its entirety.

The present-tense verb ( مضارع ), like all verbs, also has 14 conjugations. From the 14, two conjugations, namely the two feminine plurals (number 6 and 12) are مبني i.e. will never change despite the governing agent entering upon them. The final ‘ن’ at the end of these two conjugations is actually the pronoun, and from it we get the plural feminine meaning. As for the other 12 conjugations of the present-tense verb, they are all معرب PROVIDED THAT THEY ARE FREE OF THE ‘ ن ’ OF EMPHASIS.

These 12 conjugations can be split into two groups: Those that end in a ُ in the state of رفع . This would include 5 conjugations; numbers 1, 4, 7 and the last two, 13 and 14. Those that end with a ُ in the state of رفع , the remaining seven conjugations i.e. the four duals, plus numbers 3, 9 and 10. Types of ن Before we proceed, it is important to note that in total there are three different types of ‘ ن ’! The first is the ‘ ن ’ of feminine plurality.

This is actually a pronoun (and not a reflection of رفع ). It comes at the end of conjugation numbers 6 and 12 and will never drop. The second is what they call, the ‘ن إعرابي’. The function of this ‘ ن ’ is to reflect that the مضارع verb is in its default state of رفع . The presence of this ‘ ن ’ at the end of the seven conjugations mentioned above will indicate رفع . The pronoun is the letter before the ‘ ن ’ i.e.

an ‘ ا ’ for the four duals, a ‘ و ’ for the two masculine plurals, and ‘ ي ’ for number ten, the second person singular feminine. In نصب and جزم , this ‘ ن ’ will drop. The third and final ‘ ن ’ is what we referred to as the ‘ ن ’ of emphasis. This is a special ‘ ن ’ which is a particle and is attached to the end of the مضارع . It comes in both a ساكن form as well as a مشدد form. Its meaning function is twofold. Firstly it eliminates the present tense and makes the verb specific to the future.

Secondly it adds emphasis to the future tense meaning (verily or surely). All conjugations of the present-tense verb become مبني as a result of it.