ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Arabic Syntax: علم النحو العربی (edited) The Science of نحو Definition, Purpose and Subject Matter نحو is the science of classical Arabic which deals with how to identify the grammatical positioning of the three parts of speech; إسم, فعل and حرف by recognizing the changes which occur at their end. In addition to this, it discusses how to connect the parts of speech with one another and make meaningful sentences.

The purpose of نحو is to guard one from making errors when articulating and understanding the language of the Arabs. From the various sciences associated with the Arabic language, نحو is by far the most important. All discussions in**نحو are centered upon words, phrases, and sentences. ** Mapping the Arabic Language The most basic utterance which comes out of the human beings mouth is termed ‘ لفظ ’.

If it has no established meaning, it is known as ‘ مُهمَل ’ (meaningless), whereas if it does convey established meaning, it is called ‘ **مَوضوع ’ (meaningful). ** مَوضوع could be either one word, termed مُفرَد (single) also known as ‘ كلمة’ (word) or a group of words; مُرَكَّب (compound).

The group of words can be linked together so as to result in a complete sentence; مركَّب مفيد/جملة/كلام (beneficial combination/sentence), or it may constitute a phrase; مركَّب غير مفيد (non-beneficial combination). كلمة: ----- The Arabic ‘word’ ( كلمة) is divided into three types; إسم, فعل and حرف. Stated otherwise, every word in the Arabic dictionary falls into one of these three categories. Unlike English which has eight parts of speech, in Arabic there are only three.

This inconsistency will become clear only after precise definitions are given to the three types: إسم: is the ‘ كلمة’ that gives a full independent meaning in itself and is not linked to time, e.g. رجل (man), بيت (house). The category is broader than ‘noun’ in that it also includes three others from the eight English parts of speech, namely pronouns, adjectives and adverbs. فعل: is the ‘ كلمة’ that gives a full independent meaning in itself and is also linked to time, e.g.

كَتَبَ (wrote), يَنصُرُ (helps). This is exactly the same as the ‘verb’ in English. حرف: is the ‘ كلمة’ which has no independent meaning of its own i.e. can only be understood after coupling either a noun or a verb to it, e.g. في (in), على (on), و (and). This category includes prepositions, conjunctions, and articles.