If we perceives these two to be independent of each other in being...

If we perceives these two to be independent of each other in being, then both of them are attributes of action). The explanation (and proof) of this sentence is that you prove (establish), in respect of His Being, what He intends to do and what He does not intend, what pleases Him and what displeases Him, what He likes and what He dislikes.

If the intention had been the attribute of His essence like the attribute of knowledge and power, His not intending (for something) would have been its contradiction. Similarly, if His liking for something had been the attribute of His essence, His dislike (of something) would have been its contradiction. Do you not see, we do not find in His Being anything which He does not know and anything over which He has no power? Such are the attributes of His essence (Self), which are everlasting.

We can never attribute to Allah power and (its opposite) weakness. (Similarly, we can neither attribute to Him knowledge and [its opposite] ignorance and stupidity, nor can we attribute to Him wisdom and 1 its opposite] error. Nor can we attribute to Him honor and [its opposite] disgrace). It is permissible to say, "He (Allah) loves him who obeys Him and hates him who disobeys Him. He favors him who obeys Him and is hostile to him who disobeys Him.

And verily, He is pleased and He is also displeased. It is also permissible to say in the invocations: 'O my Allah, be pleased with me and do not be angry at me. Favor me and do not be hostile to me.'" But it is not permissible to say, "Allah has power to know and has no power not to know. He has power to possess and has no power not to possess. He has power to be powerful and wise, and has no power to be otherwise, i.e. without power and wisdom.

He has power to be generous and has no power to be not generous. He has power to be forgiving and has no power to be not forgiving." It is also not permissible to say, "Allah intended to be the Nourishing, the Everlasting, the Mighty, the Wise, the Possessor, the all-knowing, the all- Powerful." Since these are the attributes of His essence while intention is among His attributes of action.

"Do you not see that it is said; "Allah intended this and did not intend that." Every Attribute of His essence negates its opposite in respect of Him. He is called: "The Living, the Allknowing, the All-hearing, the All-seeing, the All-mighty, the All-wise, the Rich, the King, the Clement, the Just and the Generous." The opposite of knowledge is ignorance.