Spinoza argued that God necessarily existed, because God’s essence was existence.

Spinoza argued that God necessarily existed, because God’s essence was existence. God’s essence was perfect, and therefore God’s perfection implied that God must exist. God’s existence and the perfection itself were the same (I, prop, XX). Each attribute, which expressed God’s essence, also expressed God’s perfection. Spinoza argued that God being the infinite substance, no attribute that expressed the essence of the substance could deny God (I, prop. XIV). Every being had its essence in God.

Nothing could come into being or exist without God. For Spinoza, God was the essential cause for all things. All things by nature proceeded from necessity. God predetermined all…