He also asserted that a wise person would not engage much in...

He also asserted that a wise person would not engage much in the bodily pleasures (Modarresi, 2000, p. 171-172). Anthropology Tusi’s works and writings revealed the following views about the characteristics of a human being (Behesht, Abujafari and Faqihi 2000, p.

122-129): The superiority of human being According to Tusi human being was superior in creation to inanimate objects, plants and animals because they possessed a soul with intellect, reason and free will besides their other characteristics. The truth of human being Tusi believed that a human being consisted of body and a soul. This soul was free of material form. The body and soul both interacted with each other.

The faculties of the soul In spite of its unity, the soul with intellect consisted of diverse animal, animal-like and human faculties. It possessed mobility and perceptive faculties. Man’s perceptive functions were carried out through external senses such as sight, hearing, smelling, taste, and touch as well as through inner senses such as common sense, imagination, estimate and memory.

While the mobility of a man remained a function of his muscles, it was the soul that made him move toward the behavior for which he was motivated. Free will and authority These two were considered to be innate characteristics of a human being. Only the humankind could achieve perfection and happiness through their intention, deeds and behaviors. In this way, man could move towards perfection and attain status higher than that of angels.

It was in the light of free will that a man comprehended something and then found himself inclined or averse to it. Thus knowledge and enthusiasm formed the basis and foundation of human free will. The problem of determinism could also be solved with this principle as humans behaved according to their authority and freewill. If they did not want, they would not engage with those behaviors.

On the other hand, it was God who had wanted to give such authority and freewill to humans due to which they could freely engage with or not with a behavior. Rationality The most outstanding privilege that mankind had, was their rationality. Humans not only possessed sensory and intellectual perception to recognize and solve their conceptual and affirmation of unknown things and extend their awareness, they also had knowledge of the present and non-present.