ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books The Mystery of Life The “What There Should Be” and “What There Is” System A value is something useful to man. If something has no physical or spiritual advantage for man, it cannot be regarded as a value. There are two kinds of value: 1- Conventional values: These values are credits various peoples designate themselves.

They can be categorized into two groups: a) Values entitled as “taboo ethics.” Touching the chief's food, for instance, is considered as prohibited in some tribes. Such affairs are values for these peoples. There is no doubt, however, that these values have no real basis or origin. b) Cultural values: Each nation or ethnic group consider themselves a series of values that are rooted in their beliefs, viewpoints, artistic elements and other natural and social affairs.

For example, Norooz, coinciding with the beginning of spring, is one of the values arising from Iranian cultural and social background. 2- Values based on facts: These values are related to man's nature. The stronger its connection with the human disposition, the more essential the value. The principle “People's lives should not be disturbed,” for instance, is a value-based issue rooted in man's nature.

There are two reasons why it is essential: a) Disturbing people's lives leads to personal vengeance or legal punishment. b) Disturbing people's lives causes discomfort, annoyance and tortures the conscience. Any form of annoyance to others influences the souls of both the disturber and the disturbed. Defying values based on facts affects them. If people resist values, the values will not be defied.

If someone commits suicide, for instance, he has actually confronted a fact with another real phenomenon. In suicide, it is not a matter of one credited act destroying another; in fact, a mental disorder is destroying the most original reality of all - human life. By ignoring values rooted in his true nature, man causes disorders in his soul. If, for example, one defies justice - commits an atrocious act, in other words - he is in fact damaging his own character.

A liar causes disorders in his soul and his ego when he lies, consciously or unconsciously. The Relationship between Values and Scientific Research As we know, values are “what there should be;” they are “obligations.” And what there should be relates to man's free will. In other words, duties, obligations and moral values are meaningful when man does them by free will.