Moreover, the Quran asks rhetorically, “Is not God the justest of judges?

Moreover, the Quran asks rhetorically, “Is not God the justest of judges?” (95:8). The judgment of God is final, for “God judges; none repeals His judgment” (13:41), although the gauge of the Mercy of God is known to Him alone. Ultimately God is in fact the only judge, for “the judgment is God’s alone” (6:57), “His is the judgment” (28:88).

Although, of course, human judgment exists in this world, for Muslims, as for devout Jews and Christians, who over the millennia relied upon the judgment of God and His justice above all human agencies, the ultimate refuge resides in Divine Justice and God’s judgment of human actions.

It is only He who knows all things and who can judge human actions not only outwardly, but according to the intention in the heart, the intention being what determines the value of an action according to the famous saying of the Prophet, “Actions are…