On the other hand, there are certain unworthy acts, i.

On the other hand, there are certain unworthy acts, i.e. makrooh, which a Muslim is advised to avoid, but no sin is committed if he engages in them, like talking about worldly affairs in the Mosque which is supposed to be a place of worship. Besides, there are acts which are mubah, meaning permissible acts, doing or not doing of them does not entail any reward or punishment. Thus, we see that Taklifi laws are based on 'do's' and 'don'ts', enjoining, forbidding, or generally permitting a Muslim.

Wadh'ee laws are an amalgam of temporal and divine laws, partly governed by natural or moral duties, like matrimony, proprietorship, contracts and so on. Ta'abbudi and Tawassuli The obligatory (wajib) acts are of two types: ta'abbudi and tawassuli. Those Wajib acts which must be performed with a vivid and clear intention (niyyat) of earning the pleasure and proximity of Allah (qurbat) are ta'abbudi. Such a niyyat is a prerequisite, in absence of which the act would be considered invalid.

The examples are all acts of worships, like the daily prayers, fasting etc. But there are other obligations which do not necessarily require the intention of qurbat for their validity, like obedience to the parents, fulfilling promises and pledges, honouring the contracts, performing incumbent social responsibilities and so on.

Ayni & Kifai Wajib acts have been further classified as Ayni and Kifai: Wajib­e­Ayni are those obligatory acts with which every individual Muslim is charged, like the daily prayers and fasting during the month of Ramadhan. But Wajib­e­ Kifai remains a collective obligation on the general Muslim populace, until it is performed by one or few among them, thus relieving the rest of the obligation.

Like the social obligations of qualifying as a doctor, becoming a soldier, a judge, a farmer or a businessman, and in this form of obligation is included the rituals of Ghusl­e­ Mayyit, kafan and burial etc. Ta'yini & Takhyiri This is yet another classification of Wajib acts. Wajib­e­Ta'yini relates to those particular acts which have been specifically identified as obligatory, like the daily prayers, fasting, Haj, Khums, Zakat, Amir bil Maroof, Jehad etc.

But Wajib­e­Takhyiri offers choice and alternatives, like in the case of kaffara for a person who has deliberately left out a fast in the month of Ramadhan. He will either free a slave, or feed sixty deserving poor, or keep sixty fasts.