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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Fiqh and Fuqaha Part 4: Ibadaat First Chapter: Kitabu T Taharah Taharat means cleaning from the impurities, which are of two types: Khabath and Hadath. Those impurities which have been specified as inherently najis like urine, excrement, blood, semen etc. are called Khabath. When our bodies or clothes come into contact with them, they have to be made clean.

Then there are certain acts of Taharat which are ritual and are a prerequisite to the acts of worship like Namaz and Tawaf. These are Wudhu, Ghusl or Tayammum. They are invalidated by natural causes like sleeping, urinating or entering into a state of Janabat, and they have be reinstated. Second Chapter:­ Kitabus Salaat In this chapter, various prayers like the daily Namaz, Namaz of Idd, Namaz­e­Mayyit, Namaz­e­Tawaf, Nafila etc are outlined.

Then the laws which explain the prerequisites of salaat, and the acts which invalidate the prayers are elaborated. Details are given about Namaz in one's own home town, Namaz of a traveller, Namaz prayed alone, and the one in congregation (jamaah), Namaz prayed on time, and those as qadha. Third Chapter­: Kitabuz Zakah In this chapter, various types of wealth tax are discussed; especially the one which is applied to gold, silver, wheat, barley, dates, grapes, cattle (big and small) and camels.

Details of percentage levied, and the ways of spending Zakat are also explained. Fourth Chapter: ­Kitabul Khums Khums means one fifth (20%) and is also a type of wealth tax. According to sunni Fiqh, this is applicable to the spoils of war only. But in our Fiqh, the spoils of war are just one of the many other incomes and accruals on which khums is to be paid.

For example, the minerals, the treasures, the wealth which is mixed with Haram in a manner that it cannot be extricated, and its rightful owner cannot be traced, the wealth acquired by diving, and the net savings and profit in businesses etc. Fifth Chapter: ­Kitabus Sawm This chapter deals with the laws governing fasting, and distinguishes obligatory fasts of the month of Ramadhan from other categories. For example, the forbidden fasts on Idd days, the Makrooh fast on Ashura’ day, and so on.

Sixth Chapter: Kitabul I'tekaf Literally, it means to retire into a place. In Fiqh, it is a form of worship. When a person wishes to do I'tekaf, he has to retire into a mosque for three days or more, and fast for three days. He remains secluded, not stepping out of the mosque.