ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Kashf Al-Reeba An Ahkam Al-Gheeba, Removing Doubts From Gheeba Rulings Contemplation on Consequences of Gheeba It has a name of its own to which a particular prohibition is attached.

You have already come to know that backbiting describes any statement that speaks ill of others and is hated by others, something which the speaker does not prefer, attracting attention to that statement by something which he writes or to which he points out or through other means. It also indicates the insinuation of one's own evil self, nafs , a pre-meditated intention even if it is not articulated. In this definition, other individuals enter places that are particularly prohibited.

This includes the following: One: Nameema , calumny. It is conveying a statement which someone articulated to another, such as you may say the following to the latter: "So-and-so said such-and-such about you," whether this is indicated orally, in writing, as a reference or through a symbol. Such a quotation is related to a shortcoming or default in the subject of the statement which obligates one to hate or avoid. The latter case is due also to backbiting.

Thus, one combines between the transgression of backbiting and of nameema as well. There is no harm to attract attention in this dissertation to nameema , calumny, and how it is particularly prohibited, for it is one of the major sins as you will come to know. Second: The speech of two contenders which goes on between them, or anything like that, and each contender articulates the same [bad speech, a similar taunting, etc.].

Due to the prohibition related particularly to it, it is rendered to either backbiting or calumny; actually, it is the worst type of calumny according to the tradition of the Prophet (ص) who has said, "You will find the most evil of the servants of Allāh on the Day of Judgment to be one who quotes a statement to these and these about what those had said" ( Ihyā Ulūm ad-Dīn , Vol. 3, p. 150). It is a speech which either party hates if he comes to know about it being cited.

One does not like anything said that pleases his opponent or assists him in his pursuit. Such an individual is counted among the foes. Thus, hatred ensues because of exchanged statements thus propagated. Let us, then, discuss it briefly and quote the prohibition in its regard. Third: Envy: It is hating for someone else to enjoy a blessing and desiring its disappearance.