The legal power of wali'y al-amr [head of the Islamic...

The legal power of wali'y al-amr [head of the Islamic government] to determine the limits of public domain (saddu man>aqat al-muba'a't) through legislation supplies the government with the desirable power. Public properties and anfa'l [properties with no particular owner/s] which are designated by the government as public properties which the government oversees and uses to achieve the above goal.

Financial punishments and methods that are devised by Islam to transfer private properties to the public ownership as with respect to mawqu'fa't [endowments] or the lands the inhabitants of which perished or the dead without heirs and so forth. Nature of the Islamic legislation--as Shahi'd al-@adr (r) put it--which aims at strengthening the social structure for the realization of this mutual responsibility.

Fourth, belief in the principle of social balance and refusal of the class system in the Islamic society. We came to know through the third point that the required minimum is to provide subsistence for all individuals. As far as the maximum is concerned, it may be assumed through the following factors: The prohibition of tabdhi'r and isra'f [wasting and squandering] in all areas, therefore, an individual cannot possibly trespass to the line of isra'f.

The prohibition of every action that leads to misuse of particular properties, and of lahw [amusement] and muju'n [impudence]. Rejection of all social and economic privileges which discriminate between different groups of people which, in turn, eliminates all the grounds for the emergence of the class system. If we go back and scrutinize all of these features and expose them to human nature and conscience we will find them principles that may be admitted in a natural way.

This explains the return of each of the two extremist systems of capitalism and socialism to a moderate position after its collision with opposing natural factors--as we believe.

The natural basis of these views is evidently emphasized by general regulatory and conceptual authoritative texts (nu#u'#) that are numerous and to some of which we point here: There are nu#u'# that stress the inherence character of private and public property: The Exalted says: "And the man shall gain nothing but what he strives for." (53:39) (naturally if we interpret it as including worldly possession).

Ami'r al-mu'mini'n (`a) says: "This property is indeed neither mine nor yours but it is a collective property of the Muslims ...