This method of formulation is the one usually encountered in books of fiqh...

This method of formulation is the one usually encountered in books of fiqh, and epistles of Islamic rules, written by the jurists. This method, because it carries jurisprudential jargon, differs from that used by the Qur'an and the sunna.

It is beneficial to point out that the Islamic jurists have divided the shari'a rules, according to the language of fiqh, into four categories: a- The rules of worship (ibadah): These are rules for acts that require the one who practices the acts of worship to have the intention of attaining nearness to Allah, the Most High. Such acts include prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, vows.

b- The laws of contracts: These are rules governing acts, the existence and validity of which depends on the consent of the two parties. Here, there is no need to intend attaining nearness to Allah. Such laws govern marriage, business transactions, companies, etc. However, concluding a contract for the sake of Allah is recommended.

c- The laws of Iqa'at (one party transactions): These are rules for acts requiring neither the intention to attain proximity to Allah nor a second party, for they can be discharged by a single party. Example of such acts include divorce (the husband can divorce his wife with or without her consent) and a testament containing a responsibility to be discharged by the survivors. d- Rules: These laws are termed simply as rules without any qualification.

They include the laws of inheritance, suckling, punishments, etc. From the foregoing, it will be clear that the issue of categorzing fiqh and the formulation of rules is not a determined and finalized one. The fact is that the jurists were responsible for originating ways and methods for formulating arrangement and categorization, suitable for the needs and requirements of the various stages in the history of Islamic jurisprudence.

Studies in jurisprudence revolved around those four central points. From another angle, investigations and studies, from the point of view of the individual, had their stamp on the method, treatment, issues covered and categorization of fiqh, in spite of the fact, concerning government and power, there existed special jurisprudential studies; such as, books on the rules of government and guardianship and those partaining to collective activity.