If to exist independently of mind is the only necessary quality of matter...

If to exist independently of mind is the only necessary quality of matter, then theological metaphysics, according to this new definition of matter, is a materialistic philosophy! The tendency towards idealism and agnosticism among the physicists was the result of a psychological crisis that came due to the collapse of certain scientific axioms. Materialism was such an axiom, but realism is not.

Realism is not the result of empirical proof or experiments; its acceptance is inherent in human nature. A similar skeptical tendency arose among the physiologists studying the physiology of perception and the causal processes related to it. They suggested that the objects given in sense perception are symbolic, not representative of the external objects.

This tendency was a complication of the materialistic notion that knowledge was purely a physiological act conditioned by the nature of the nervous system. Previous…