at Leipzig.

at Leipzig. Casanova, as quoted in Rimyar, op. cit., 466. Ramyar, Ta'rikh-e Qur'an, 106. 29.[^29] Mabahith fi 'ulum al-Qur'an, 88. Ibid., as quoted from Khutat al-Sham, v, 279. Rawdat al-safa, vi, 372. Ibid., vi, 364. Ta'rikh al-Ya'qubi, ii, 113; Tafsir al-Qummi, 745; Ibn al-Nadim, al-Fihrist, Pers. trans, Ibn al-Nadim's al-Fihrist, Pers. trans., 47. Ibn Juzayy, al-Tashil fi'ulum al-tanzil, Beirut, 4; al-Zarakshi, al-Burhan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, i, 242, 238.

As quoted by al-Tamhid from al-Majlisi's Bihar al-'anwar. He wrote al-Fihrist in 377 H. Al-Fihrist, Pers. trans. 47. See Riyad al-'Ulama, v, 533. Al-Maqrizi, al Mawaiz wa al-'i'tibar bi dhikr al-khtitat wa al-'athar, ii, 252. See the article of this author regarding Islamic libraries, Nameh-ye Astane Quds, Nos. 22, 23. See Fihrist Makhtutat al-Rawdat al-Haydariyyah, 14. The last part is based on the information provided by my earned friend Hujjat al-'Islam Hajj Sayyid Musa Zanjani (Shabbiri).

Rahname-ye Ganjineh-ye Qur'an, 3. List of the microfilms of Ma'had al-Makhtutat. Probably a mushaf attributed to 'Ali (A) also exists at the Shiraz Museum, but since I do not have a precise knowledge of it I refrain from mentioning it. Another Qur'an attributed to 'Ali (A) exists at the Library of San'a', Yemen, about which I came to know through my learned friend Sayyid Ahmad Ashkawari. See al-Tamhid, i, 226.

'Ali (A) in the Nahj al-balaghah, "Hikam," is reported as having said to his scribe 'Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Rafi; I do not remember where I read about this episode. Ibn al-Nadim's al-Fihrist, Pers. trans. 71. Al-Tamhid, i, 355. The Kufic and Naskhi scripts were derived from the Nabataean and Syriac alphabets nearly a century before the Hijrah (Da'irat al-ma'arif musahib, i, 908 ). Ramyar, Tarikh-e Qur'an, 117. Ibid. Al-Bayhaqi in Shu'ab al-iman as quoted in Ramyar's Ta'rikh-e Qur'an, 141.

Tarikh al-tiba'ah fi al-sharq. In the year 1121 H. Arabic letters started to be used in print (Tarikh al-tiba'ahf i al-sharq, 25). Such as the mushaf of Herat Museum in Afghanistan. See al Khatt al Arabi al-'Islami, 155 and al-Khattat al-Baghdadi, 16. In this work 249 books, treatises and articles have been referred to and it has been illustrated with 757 facsimiles of the works of eminent calligraphers. It was published in 1388 at Baghdad. Dairat al-ma'arif musahib.

The last surviving companion of the Prophet (S) was Abu al-Tufayl ('Amir ibn Wathilah.), who died in 110.