ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Outlines of the Development of the Science of Hadith Supplement Study of the names of the muhaddithun: On page 177, he says, "Abu `Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari has met the complete needs of this study by his book." Study of surnames (kuna pl. of kunyah) of the Sahabah, the Tabi'un, and their descendents up to the present. On page 83, he says that the scholars of hadith have compiled many works on this subject.

Knowledge of the homelands and regions of hadith narrators. Study of the mawali [^7] among the narrators of hadith from among the Sahabah, the Tabi'un and their descendents. Study of the lives, dates of death and birth of the muhaddithun. Study of the titles of the muhaddithun. Study of contiguous narrators. On page 215, he says that this study is different from that of al-akabir 'an al-asaghir; rather it relates to narrators who relate from those contiguous to them.

Study of similarities between the tribes of narrators, their homelands, names, nicknames, and accomplishments. In this regard he mentions five secondary disciplines, such as the study of tribes, the study of their homelands, etc. Study of the battles of the Holy Prophet (S) and his epistles written to kings and others. Study of the well-known pioneers of hadith collection from among the Sahabah, the Tabi'un and their descendents.

Study of the mode of classification of hadith into various chapters by the muhaddithun. Study of a group of narrators from the Tabi'un and their descendents, regarding whose reliability in case of al-hadith al-sahih the evidence is inconclusive. Study of those who received an ijazah from a scholar for transmitting ahadith.

[^8] In addition to the above, there are other disciplines linked with the study of Arabic morphology, syntax, and philology, as mentioned by al-Suyuti in his al-'Itqan.[^9] In this regard, it may be mentioned that Ibn al-Nadim in his Kitab al-Fihrist, quoting Muhammad ibn Ishaq and other scholars, says that Abu al-'Aswad al-Du'ali, the first Arab grammarian, acquired it from `Ali ibn Abi Talib (A).[^10] Following this, he quotes a statement from Abu Nasr that `Abd al-Rahman ibn Hurmuz is the foundation layer of Arabic studies and that Abu Sa`id al-Sirafi had confirmed this.