Refers to the Abbasid dynasty that toppled the Marwan...

Refers to the Abbasid dynasty that toppled the Marwan dynasty around Minorities and Political Parties The Islamic government coexists with minorities peacefully. Minorities have rules and laws specific to them, whether they are religious minorities such as Jews and Christians, or non-religious minorities such as Buddhists and Brahmans etc. Just as the Messenger of Allah (S) treated the pagans of Makkah, where he (S) did not force anyone of them to Islam after the fall of Makkah.

As far as the judiciary is concerned, minorities have the choice of referring to us or to their respective judiciary and judges. If they refer to us, we shall issue judgements for or against them according to their jurisdiction or ours.47 For general conducts such as traffic regulations, they must follow the law of the land, as is the case for every country in the world.

They pay the Jizyah48 tax in exchange for the protection they receive from the Islamic head of state for their lives, wealth and family, just as Muslims pay the Khums49 and Zakat50 taxes. In contracts such as For more details see the al-Fiqh series, vols. 84-85; "The Judiciary", vol. 140; "The Law", vol. 141; "Jurisprudence Fundamentals" by the author. 48This is the tax that is paid by the non-Muslims under the Islamic system. The non-Muslims do not pay either the Khums or the Zakat taxes.

They are not obliged to join the armed forces to defend the Islamic State whereas the Muslims are. The defence of the non-Muslims' lives, wealth, dignity etc. is the responsibility of the Islamic State. See M. Shirazi, al-Fiqh series, vol. 108, "Economics"; pp 41-42. 49Tax of 20% levied on untaxed, superfluous annual income. The taxed capital is not subjected to future Khums tax. Details in M. Shirazi, al-Fiqh series, vol. 33, "Khums". 50Tax on nine items when over certain limit.

These items are Wheat, Barley, Dates, Raisins, Gold, Silver, Camels, Cows, and Sheep. Details in M. Shirazi, al-Fiqh series, vols. 29-32, "Zakat". Kheraaj51 and Moqasemah52, there is no differential treatment between Muslims and non-Muslims. Other laws of the country that must be respected are those such as: not to engage in forbidden practices in public like consuming alcohol in public, setting up brothels, etc.

Details of these are discussed in the book of "Islamic Government" of the al-Fiqh series53.