* What shall become of the obligatory fasting of someone on...
* What shall become of the obligatory fasting of someone on a day when they travelled after zawal? - [They carry on with their fast], i.e. they are not required to make up for that day. * Should they make the journey before zawal, having intended to do so the night before, can they still fast? - [No, fasting should be observed on that day]; they should, therefore, break their fast upon getting to heddet-tarakhus (the point at the periphery of a town where, for example, adhan could be heard.
This concerns distances to determine whether prayer should be said tamam or qasr). They should fast later to make up for that day. The same ruling applies to such people as making the journey without niyyah the night before. * Someone returning from a trip arrived in their hometown after zawal. Do they have to observe abstinence (imsak) for the rest of the day? - Although not obligatory, it is advisable for them to abstain from food and drink for the rest of the day.
The same applies to him who arrived before zawal and was not fasting because of travel. * If such people returned to their town of domicile before zawal and were observing fast, how should they go about it? - They should make niyyah of fasting and abstain from any acts that render fast that day invalid. They are, therefore, not required to fast in lieu.
* Suppose someone was observing fast for years on end, yet they were not aware of the obligation of ghusl after a sexual act (janabah); that is, they did not do it? - Their fast is in order and they shall not be liable for kaffarah (Atonement, or expiation: making recompense for some failure to act, harm done to others, etc.). * Is it all right, for asthma sufferers, to use inhalers during their fast? - Yes, they can. And their fast shall be in order.
* Is it permissible to serve food and drink to certain people, who could be excused not to observe fast or otherwise, be it in restaurants or at home, without encroaching upon the sanctity of Ramadhan? - It is permissible to serve food for those who have a valid reason not to fast and [not the others]. * If I was certain of the precision of astrological computations for the birth of the new moon, could this be relied on to determine the first day of Ramadhan and start fasting accordingly?