ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Islamic Correspondence Course (book 3) Lesson 32 : Islamic Economic System (3) 1. Khums in the Qur’an & History “Khums” literally means “one-fifth or 20%”. In Islamic legal terminology, it means “one-fifth of certain items which a person acquires as wealth, and which must be paid as an Islamic tax”.

The Qur’an mentions it in the following verse: Know that whatever of a thing you acquire, a fifth of it is for Allah, for the Messenger, for the near relative, and the orphans, the needy, and the way-fare r...(8:41) In this verse, the word “ghanimtum” has been used which has been translated as “you acquire”. As explained above, it means “certain items which a person acquires as wealth.” What are these certain items?

According to the ahadith of the Imams of Ahlu ‘l-bayt, the items which are eligible for khums are seven: I. the profit or the surplus of the income. the legitimate wealth which is mixed with some illegitimate wealth. mines and minerals. the precious stones obtained from sea by diving. treasures. the land which a dhimmi kafir buys from a Muslim. the spoils of war. However, there are some people who interpret the word “ghanimtum”.

as “whatever of a thing you acquire as spoils of war,” thus confining the obligation of khums to the spoils of war only. This interpreation is based on ignorance of the Arabic language, the history of khums, the Islamic laws and of the interpretation of the Qur’an. To make this point crystal clear, I would like to quote the following arguments from my father, ‘Allamah Sayyid Saeed Akhtar Rizvi.

In reading the following paragraphs, remember that the word ghanimtum has been derived from al-ghanimah.

(A) THE MEANING OF “GHANIMTUM” “The famous Arabic dictionary of al-Munjid (by Father Louis Mal-f of Beirut) says, ‘al-ghanim and al-ghanimah means: (a) What is taken from the fighting enemies by force, (b) All earnings generally...Furthermore, the saying al-ghunm bi ‘l-ghurm means that the profit stands against expenses, i.e., as the owner is the sole proprietor of the profit and nobody shares it with him, therefore only he bears all the expenses and risk.’16 This implies that in Arabic language al-ghanimah has two meanings: one the spoils of war, and the other ‘profit’.

The above quoted proverb also proves that ‘profit’ is not the uncommon meaning.