‘Atiyya ...

‘Atiyya : gift, present, grant, boon ‘Awl : one sought during the time of need, a reliable helper Bada' : starting point, the very beginning of something, the onset Bara'ah : dissociation or renunciation Baytul-Mal : Islamic government's state treasury Diwan : a collection of poems Faqih : jurist, one who is knowledgeable in Islamic jurisprudence Fatawa : plural of fatwa , a religious edict or decision Fiqh : the science of Islamic jurisprudence Firqa : group, party, sect Furü’ : branches of the faith Hadith : (singular:) tradition, a statement made by (pbuh); its plural is: ahadith Hajj : Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca during the prescribed period Ihram : pilgrimage garb, white unwoven cotten shroud worn by pilgrims Ijtihad : the degree one reaches in order to be qualified as a mujtahid , one who is capable of deriving religious decisions on his own Imam : leader of an ummah , a group of people (small or big); he may be the one who leads others in congregational prayers, or a supreme relgious authority, or one of the Twelve Infallible Imams (as) Isnad : the method whereby one hadith is traced and in the end attributed to a muhaddith , traditionist, one who transmitted it the first time Jahiliyya : pre-Islamic period of ignorance Janaba : uncleanness caused by seminal discharge Jihad : a struggle, an effort exerted, or a war waged in defense of Islam Jizya : a protection tax paid by non-Muslims living under Muslims' control in exchange for their exemption from the military service Kafir : infidel, apostate, atheist, one who does not believe in the existence of the Creator Kalam : the science of logic Kalima : synonymous to "shahada," it is a Muslim's declaration of faith (that is, to testify that there is no god except Allah, and that Muhammad (pbuh) is the Messenger of Allah), and it is always pronounced in Arabic Khiraj : the combination of all religious taxes collected at the end of the Islamic lunar year Khums : one-fifth of one's savings (usually paid by Shi’a Muslims) set aside from annual income Khutba : lecture, sermon; a speech delivered on a specific occasion Kufr : apostacy, infidelity, disbelief Kunyat : usually applied for a parent, it is the way of calling him or her by the name of his or her oldest son (such as saying "father of so-and-so" or "mother of so-and-so"), or it may be applied out of respect, a tradition usually followed in Arab countries, and it is applied as a prefix to one's name.