Focusing upon this element of deviation indicates that it is...

Focusing upon this element of deviation indicates that it is necessary for all of the religious authorities and institutions to understand the sensibility of time and importance of responsibility, as their mistakes will result in the misfortune and deviation of the society. c. Intellectual factors for deviation Intellectual deviations can occur through the doubts and confusions that appear in one’s mind, or through things that one hears.

As a man’s intellectual and rational capability may be weak, he may not be able to respond to these doubts, and thus he becomes influenced by them. This obstacle then becomes a hurdle in his way to achieving tranquillity and certainty.

However there are other factors, which can be divided into different branches such as: doubts based upon sense perception, doubts emerging from legends and myths, doubts evolving from false explanations, doubts based upon weak arguments, doubts related to unexpected incidents and events, that are claimed as being against the wisdom (hikmah) and justice (‘adl) of God, doubts arising from scientific hypotheses which oppose religious belief, doubts associated with the practical laws, especially in the field of politics, jurisprudence and law (huqūq).

Occasionally two or more factors can together become the reason for confusion, doubt, disagreement and atheism. Distinctive psychological disorder can also sometimes create the grounds for doubts and confusion. Campaign against the elements of deviation With the understanding of the different reasons and elements of deviation, it becomes clear that campaigning and dealing with each one requires special conditions with a unique procedure.

For example, psychological and ethical deviations must be cured by means of the correct training and also by focusing upon the disadvantages delivered through it, as was mentioned in lesson two and three, where the need for investigating religion was discussed. Likewise, in order to protect oneself from the effects of social disorder (sociological deviation) one must differentiate between a religion and its caretakers.

However at least an individual is unaware of the influences of psychological and sociological deviations but for the intellectual influences one has to choose a special method. Such a method for instance could be by discerning between the differences of distorted beliefs and true beliefs, and by never proving the religious beliefs through illogical or weak arguments.