Such examples can be seen in the past empires of China, India, Iran and Egypt.

Such examples can be seen in the past empires of China, India, Iran and Egypt. Nevertheless polytheistic religions came under the influence of different factors and discernment among humans. Thus a barrier was formed preventing people from understanding the true perfection, which was supposed to be applied by the divine and monotheistic religions. The Noble Qur’an portrays such struggles encountered by the prophets (a) of God and the polytheists.

On these bases, the foundation of polytheistic belief is to believe in the lordship of an existent other than God the Supreme, for the appearance of some of the universe’s phenomena. Furthermore many polytheists had faith in the oneness of the Creator, and in reality they accepted the oneness of creatorship.

However on a lower realm they recognised other second level gods who administrated the world independently, and they called God the Creator, the God of gods or Lord of the lords (rabb al-arbāb). These gods, who administrate according to some, were known as angels, and were called by the polytheist Arabs, the daughters of God. Some recognised them as fairies and genies or some regarded them as the spirits of stars or humans from the past, or as a type of invisible existent.

In lesson ten indications were made that creatorship and true lordship are inseparable from each other, belief in the creatorship of God and the acceptance of the lordship of others is not compatible. By explaining the contradiction in this belief, it is possible to nullify the argument of those who held such a view. In order to establish the oneness of God, the Supreme, many arguments have been demonstrated in the different books of theology and philosophy.

Here we are going to demonstrate an argument, which encompasses the oneness of lordship and rejects the polytheistic beliefs. Proofs for the Oneness of God The assumption that the universe has two or more gods can solely be imagined through a few possibilities: Firstly it can be considered that every phenomenon of the universe is created and is an effect of all the assumed gods.

The second assumption could be that each particular group of phenomena is an effect (or created by a particular god) of one of the assumed gods. Finally the third assumption is that all of the phenomena are created by one of these assumed gods and the other gods are recognised as the managers of the universe. However it is impossible to assume that every phenomenon has several gods.