Principle of negating the negation or the dialectic of nature.

Principle of negating the negation or the dialectic of nature. It is here that we will give a brief explanation of these principles followed by a criticism: a. The principle of contradiction Dialectical materialism recognises every phenomenon to be composed of two incompatible elements: thesis and anti-thesis. They cause the transmutation of the phenomenon in such a way that the anti-thesis dominates, synthesising a new phenomenon.

For example an egg, which contains within itself an embryo, eventually develops by consuming the food provided and turns into a chicken, through the processes know as synthesis. Positive and negative electricity are a good example of contradiction within the phenomena of physics. Also addition and subtraction is known as antilogy in elementary mathematics, and integral and non-integral are known as antilogies in higher mathematics.

These consequences are also present in the sociological history of man. For example, in Capitalism the working class is the anti-thesis for the capitalist class. If they gradually take over, then this synthesis will result in a socialist and communist society. Criticism of the principle of contradiction It cannot be denied that by arranging two material existents next to each other, it can result in such a way that one affects the other by weakening or even destroying it.

For example we know of the effects that water has on fire. However this outcome is not universal and cannot be recognised as a principle. There are several instances contrary to this rule. The presence of this type of contradiction between the phenomena is not considered impossible under the understanding of classical logic, philosophy and metaphysics. Rather it is the combination of two opposites in one subject, which is considered impossible.

They have brought absurd examples for the combination of two opposites, such as the combination of addition and subtraction or integral and non-integral etc, aswell as the false prediction for the establishment of a dictatorship of proletarianism in capitalist countries. If every phenomenon was composed of two opposites, then there must be another combination for every thesis and anti-thesis.

Each one is a phenomenon and according to the principle mentioned they must have a combination of two opposites. This would mean that every limited phenomenon would have to contain infinite opposites.