The advocates of such an idea will...

The advocates of such an idea will, nevertheless, deviate in their analysis of Islamic beliefs and thoughts or may misunderstand them. For instance, in realising the role of faith and its relation to good deeds, and on the other hand, the destructive role of disbelief and dualism they will face deviation.

Similarly, they misunderstand the priority of some small short term acts over larger long term ones, and will, for example, suppose that the great inventors who brought tranquility to others or the liberals who struggled for their nation’s freedom should possess an exalted position in the Hereafter even though they have no belief in God or Resurrection. In some cases, they claim that the necessary faith for true prosperity is belief in humanitarian values and labours’ final victory in this world.

For them, the concept of God equals a cultural value and an ethical ideal. Although our discussions in previous lessons can…