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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books A Summary of Rulings The Rules of Selling and Buying Obligatory and Recommended Business Transactions Issue 722: It is obligatory upon every Muslim to learn the rules of business transactions to the extent of his need. It is obligatory upon the scholars ('Ulamaa’) to teach these rules to the people.

Issue 723: To earn, work, labor and strive in the way of business, agriculture and vocation and things similar to that is obligatory upon he who does not possess the expenses (of maintenance) of his wife and children. Likewise, it is obligatory to preserve the order of Islamic society and secure its needs. In other than these situations, earning and labor is emphatically recommended, in particular, to assist the poor and for the comfort of dependents.

Issue 724: It is recommended that the seller make no distinction between buyers in the price of a commodity nor be difficult nor swear (an oath). When the buyer regrets (the purchase) and seeks to cancel the transaction, (the seller should) accept the cancellation.

Disliked (Makrooh) Business Relations Most Jurist (Fuqahaa’) hold the opinion in the dislike of the business transactions which will be mentioned and the best thing is to avoid them: • Money Changing (Suraafah) and all that involves people with the consumption of interest and its activities or miscellaneous unlawful activities. • Selling Shrouds (Kafan) in the situation of it being an established occupation and profession in itself.

●Business dealings with the vile people and the owner of doubtful properties in their affairs although the properties are apparently lawful. • Execution of business transactions between the beginning of Fajr and sunrise. • When someone has come forward to buy something and before the transaction is complete, it is necessary that someone else does not interfere in this transaction. This is what is termed as someone interfering in bartering and it is one of the disliked acts.

Unlawful and Invalid Transactions Issue 726: Transactions in the following instances are invalid. Selling and purchase of a source of Najaasah (Aynun-Najaasah). Intended by Najaasah is whatever is inherently Najis (impure), according to obligatory precaution (like urine, stool and blood). Based on this, the selling and buying of fertilizer is objectionable. However, there is nothing preventing benefiting from it.

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