Ibn Sina (Avicenna) has a nice sentence here.

Ibn Sina (Avicenna) has a nice sentence here. He said: "God did not make apricots into apricots, but He created apricots." What it means is that there was no stage when all the fruits were equal and then God discriminated between them. Each fruit is unique. This uniqueness, applies to different beings and personalities as well. The holy Qur'an says: "......Our Lord is He who gave unto everything its nature, then guided it aright " (20:50).

In another place it says: "Our word for a thing, when We intend it, is only that We say to it: . Be! and it is " (16:40). [^2] Now, let us go on to the transversal order: The transversal order determines the temporal and material conditions of phenomena. And it is with this order that history takes a definite and certain form. Qur'an refers to this order of existence in this way: " ...., and you shall not find any change in the course of Allah " (Qur'an, 33:62) .

Some of these deterministic laws are mentioned in the Qur'an, like this law: "Allah changes not the condition of a people until they change that which is in their selves?" (13:11) A wonderful sentence from a wonderful Book. Now, to sum up this section: The universe has orders and necessary laws, and every phenomenon is within that system. Our freedom is also in harmony with that system.

For the universe to have an order, there should be differences and stages in existence; and this is the cause of imperfections. Differences are not created. It is a necessary attribute of creatures, and God has made no discrimination between creatures. What is against justice is discrimination and not difference, and in the universe there is difference and not discrimination. Now that we have understood this section, let us go back to the benefits of suffering for the individual.

[^1]: Extracted from `Adl-i ilahi by Murtadha Mutahhari [^2]: This is not contradictory to evolutionary theories, given that they are valid, since the question still remains that why one evolved into that thing and the other into another thing. Previous…