ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Medical Sects in Islam Medical Sects in Islam The author is a well-known Iranian scholar who has edited, either alone or jointly with other scholars, numerous classics of Islamic philosophy, mysticism, jurisprudence, etc. Among these are: Sabzawari's Sharh Ghurar al-fara'id (1348 H.Sh) (which he, together with T.

Izutsu has also translated into English), Nasir Khusro's Diwan (1357 H.Sh), `Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji's Shawariq al-‘ilham fi sharh Tajrid al-kalam , Shaykh Hasan ibn Zayn al-Din's Ma`alim al-din wa maladh al-mujtahidin (Ma`alim al-usul) , Abu `Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr Tabrizi's Sharh-e bist-o panj muqaddameh-ye Ibn Maymun .

Introduction In the history of Greek medicine three main schools were notable, namely the empiricists*(Ashab al* ‑ Tajarib) , the dogmatists*(Ashab al* ‑ Qiyas) , and the methodists ( Ashab al ‑ Hiyal) . Different opinions and arguments of these sects can best be seen in two works of Galen: "On Medical Sects for Students" (Fi firaq al ‑ tibb li al ‑ muta'allimin) and "On Medical Experience" (Fi al ‑ tajribah al ‑ tibbiyyah) .

In his work, Pinax, which is in fact a list of his own works, Galen advises the students to start their studies by reading "On Medical Sects." Hunayn ibn Ishaq, who translated this book into Arabic, says that the purpose of Galen was to bring side by side the arguments of these three sects, which differ from each other by genus. Hunayn also adds that each of these sects includes smaller divisions which differ from each other by the species.

This book, known as De sectis in Latin, was one of the sixteen works by Galen which were compulsory for the medical students of Alexandria. Galen's "On Medical Experience" was translated by Hunayn from Greek into Syriac and by Hubaysh from Syriac into Arabic. In this work, Galen creates an imaginary court in which the representatives of each school demonstrate their positions and refute the positions of the other schools.

He starts his work by saying: The art of healing was originally invented and discovered by analogy (qiyas) in conjunction with experience (tajribah) and today also it can only be practised excellently and done well by one who employs both of these methods.