Madelung, W.
Madelung, W., “al- Mahdi ” and “Ka’im âle Muhammad” in The Encyclopaedia of Islam, new ed., Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1986, Vol.5, pp.1230-1238. Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir al-, Bihar al-Anwar , Beirut: Mu’assasa al-Wafa’, 1404 A.H./1983 AD, 110 Vol. , (in Cd rom Jame al-Ahadith ). “Messiah and Messianic Movements” in The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, U.S.A.: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., 1975, Vol.11, pp. 1017-1022.
Moezzi, Mohammad Ali Amir- , The Divine Guide in Early Shi’ism , USA: State University of New York Press, 1994, 279 p. Momen, Moojan, An Introduction to Shi’i Islam, USA: Yale University Press, 1985, 397 p. Mufid, Shaykh al-, Kitāb al-‘Irshād , U.S.A.: Tahrike Tarsile Qur’an, Inc., 1981, translated by I.K.A. Howard, 616 p. Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj al-Qushayri al-Naysaburi, Sahih Muslim , Ryad: Dar ‘Aalam al-Kutub, 1417 AH/1996 AD, 5 vol.
Mutahhari, Murteza, The uprising and the revolution of the Mahdi , Qum: Intesharat-e Sadra, 1994, 69 p. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein; Dabashi, Hamid; Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza, Shi'ism: Doctrines, Thought, and Spirituality, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988, 401 p. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, Ideals and Realities of Islam, London: Aquarian edition, 1994, 198 p.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, “The Quranic Commentaries of Mulla Sadra” in Consciousness and reality: Studies in memory of Toshihiko Izutsu , Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2000, pp. 45-58. Nu’mani, Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-, Kitab al-Ghayba, Tehran: Maktabat al-Saduq, 1397 AH/1976 AD, (in Cd rom Jame al-Ahadith ). Poonawala, I., “Ta’wil” in The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Ed., Leiden: Brill, 2000, Vol.10, pp.390-392.
Qurtubi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-, al-Tathkira fi Ahwal al-Mawta wa Umur al-Akhira, Cairo: Dar al-Hadith, 1999, 592 p. Rahman, Fazlur, Islam , London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1966, 271 p. Rippin, Andrew, “Tafsir” in The Encyclopaedia of Islam, new ed., Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2000, vol.10, pp. 83- Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein, Islamic Messianism, The Idea of Mahdi in Twelver Shi’ism, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1981, 230 p.
Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein, “A Treatise on the Occultation of the Twelfth Imamite Imam” in Studia Islamica, 1978, vol.68, pp. 109-124 (English trans. of al-Sharif al-Murtada’s Risalat al-ghayba ). Sami, Abu Muhammad Jamal b. Muhammad al-, Al-‘Aalam yantadhir thalathan (Arabic), al-Giza: Maktabat al-Nur al-Muhammadi, 1414 AH/1993 AD, 79 p.