Confucius states that a weak and narrow-minded person does...

Confucius states that a weak and narrow-minded person does not stand responsible for what he does whereas a person of high caliber stands responsible for his actions and scolds himself. Abstract Rights Abstract rights are the reflections of people’s boundless dignity. Han Zhen, the Chinese theoretician, reinforces the notion that justice is not a matter of abstract rights but rather it has a social context.

As people find themselves in particular social intercourse, there is no public status, which can be generalized to all. John Rawls[^7] affirms that there are no absolute rights. Abstract rights cannot be regarded as the model for justice.[^8] Also, the Confucian Concept stresses the inherent equality of men. At all events, equality in dignity is not the intended meaning in the Confucian Concept.

Xungzi ^9 , one of the disciples of Confucius, maintained that any socio-political system obligates each individual to obey hierarchically social order and rules (as a rule, human beings are egoistic; hence they see no point in preferring anyone’s will to their own.) Mencius ^10 had an opposite view on this case, believing that goodness is an innate trait in man and he is capable of attaining the apex of humanity and ultimately saintliness.

Man’s goodness and perfection lie in his co-operating with others and following Li (ritual). At all events, according to eastern doctrine, equality does not mean that all human beings are equal. As to this point, Confucius states that a great moral individual values harmony, not equality. On the contrary, a low person stresses equality, not harmony.[^11] Eastern people believe that an excess of emphasis on individual whether pessimistic or optimistic is the root of all evil.

Confucian disciples have emphasized the Private Desires and keeping aloof from Heavenly Principles. Human nature and the aforementioned description do not refer to man’s personality. Man’s egoistic desires and aspirations are not particular to his nature, but rather they are a deviation from nature, for man’s limited desires triumph over the general desires.[^12] For example, it is not selfishness that man wishes to eat good food. However, gluttony is both unnatural and egoistic.

Concerning what was mentioned, it must be admitted that the discourse of Asian values is part of the reaction directed against Western domination after the Cold War and the collapse of the USSR.