However...

However, the jurisprudential issues are not related to obligations and rules and the rights of man and God are the important topics of discussion in jurisprudence.[^5] In view of the fact that religion is not limited to jurisprudence, the issue of principles of religious rights is included in theology, and the interpretation and hadith provide the roots for religious rights. In general, there are two ways in Islam to understand the rights of people.

Firstly, direct reference to the Holy Qur'an, the Sunnat of the Innocent, and through verses and traditions, which directly or indirectly recognize people’s rights. Some of the political rights of people are accessible in this way. From among the most evident religious texts on the political rights of people in Islam are Imam ‘Ali’s explications in Nahj al-Balaghah.

Let us, for instance, consider the following sermon by Imam Ali: “The Almighty God has appointed me as your Imam, thus vesting you some rights towards me. O people, I have a right over you and you have a right over me. Right is the broadest affair in description, and the rarest affair in moment of action and justice. No one has rights towards others unless others have rights towards them and others have no rights towards those others unless they have rights towards them.

If someone has rights towards anyone, the rights are particular to the Almighty God. So the Almighty God has proclaimed necessary some rights towards some people and proclaimed them equal as compared to some others and has proclaimed some of them incumbent as compared to others. Some of these rights are not achieved unless at the cost of some others.

The greatest rights proclaimed necessary by the Almighty God is the right of people towards their Imam and the right of their Imam towards them.”[^6] The second method is referring to the conducts of the sages. If a case is proved as an innate or natural right by virtue of reason, religion recognizes this right as well for religious or jurisprudential sources or rights as stemming from the conduct of the sages and through reason.

Some of the human rights ignored by religious scholars were ushered into the realm of contemporary religious thought.[^7] It is evident that these intellectual rights may not contradict any religious principles for if such rights lead to the analysis of unlawful and the ratification of lawful, the necessary law is not endorsed.