Their not interfering in men’s affairs was not owing to...

Their not interfering in men’s affairs was not owing to having an inferior personality but owing to the law of distributing duties (such as pregnancy, childbirth and ...). This change was so radical that women gained rights equal to men and all forms of discrimination were eliminated. Thus, women could ultimately play a puissant role in the social arena, enjoy freedoms and rights as everyone else in the society, have economic rights, appropriate assets of their own and claim property.

On the same basis, when talking about freedoms and rights the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[^4], and the International Covenant on Civil, Political, Economic and Social rights use everyone or every human person , meaning men and women on the same level.

Study of Backgrounds of the Realization of Women’s Right to Property As to the introduction stated above, we can say that women can have the right to objects and properties in two ways: Kinship Occupation Here, we shall address the two topics. Kinship: kinship, by definition, is the family relation recognized in one of the three ways below: a) Consanguineous kinship: the relationship characterized by the sharing of common ancestors. b) Affinal kinship: the relationship established by marriage.

c) Fictive kinship: the relationship established by being breast fed by someone other than one’s mother which is equal to relative kinship. In each one of the consanguineous or affinal kinships, there are occasions when women have the right to own property; Consanguineous Kinship: By reason of consanguineous kinship, women can gain properties in two ways through the medium of their families. These two ways are marriage portion and inheritance.

1.1) Dowry: it is the property that a wife or a wife’s family gives to her husband upon marriage. This custom is not only common in Iranian or Islamic culture but also prevails in most countries. The philosophy and administration of marriage portion varies from country to country until 1262. In Scandinavian countries (Sweden, Norway, Denmark), girls were not granted inheritance and only at marriage, they obtained a small marriage portion from the one whose consent determined their destiny.

A few decades before in Japan, the poor families let their daughters for a certain period in order that they could provide their marriage portion. The let might be done to a certain person or to brothels.