When we come to the question of politics...

When we come to the question of politics, this approach demonstrates the view that religion should be isolated from politics. According to this view, this separation is not a defect but the sign of religion’s perfection. They hold that religion is in many ways superior to worldly affairs. However, what makes things difficult are the occasional contradictions between the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Holy Qur’an or other religious writings.

This point will be briefly clarified at the end of this article. The third approach is an intermediate one, which finds many similarities and connections between the sources, foundations and the materials of Islamic and Western human rights. The article attempts to display the point that similarities exceed the differences. The Approach of this Article This article adopts a similar approach and intends to show that the previously mentioned rights are similar even in respect to source, i.e.

the ideological and general theoretic infrastructures. It is noteworthy that Ayatullah Javadi Amuli believes that sources should be identified first, then legal fundamentals be extracted from those sources and then legal texts be compiled in order to extract legal rules. For example, one of the articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is that all people are equal before the law. The basis for this article is justice. Justice also originates from public and ideological approaches.

4-Public and Common Sources of Islamic and Western Rights The origins of rights differ in materialistic and divine schools. Lawyers, who do not recognize a divine origin for rights, believe its source to be the human conscience and wisdom, which differentiates between good and the evil in individual and social areas. In Emile, for example, Jean Jacque Rousseau describes conscience as divine immortal instinct, celestial voice, virtuous and benevolent judge of the good and the evil.

However, the disciples of the prophets believe that the prophets have infonned people of such rights upon divine command. It seems that these two views are not contradictory and in fact complete one another. On human nature, the Holy Qur’an says: “By the soul, and that which shaped it, and inspired it to lewdness and god-fearing.” (Surah as-Shams 91:7-8) This verse clearly tells of divine inspirations granted to everyone and the path of goodness and evil has been shown to everyone.