[^2]: إبداع is strictly creation out of nothing, creation ex...

[^2]: إبداع is strictly creation out of nothing, creation ex nihilo (MC, 210 et seq.), whereas خلق appears to be akin to shaping, fashioning. The creation of matter out of nothing is ibda `; the shaping of matter, created though shapeless, is khalq. The word khalq however is also used for creatio ex nihilo, El, ii. 829, s.v. khalk. For the usual Shiitic view, see MB, بدع and خلق. Among the Western Ismd'ilis the distinction between ibda` and khalq is very carefully preserved, FC, 11, 30 (no.

19), 32, etc. [^3]: Reading with N فأنطقها; D err. فانطلقها. [^4]: On the indestructibility of the soul the Urdu translator has a very interesting note. He say: "Shaykh Mufid says that this is an isolated hadith (ahad) [for such traditions see Abdur Rahim, Muhammadan Jurisprudence,7 3 (top);…