ভূমিকা

Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Muslim Scholars’ Views on Education Educational Epistemology Learning Ghazali believes that human’s soul is acceptable for education, for there is basically knowledge and wisdom in such a soul. These two items have been given to the soul from the very beginning of creation and one should try to actualize them, as one should try to dig a well and then extract water. Knowledge is obtained from two different ways: first) divine revelation and inspiration.

God’s or divine revelation belongs to God’s prophets which finished with the prophet of Islam, and inspiration belongs to the saints and still continues and does not end. Second) usual and current instruction and learning in schools. For this this particular kind of learning to happen, some principles should be observed: Cultivation and reinforcement of moral aspect, before instruction, Consideration of individual differences and aptitudes, graduality and sequence in instruction and learning.

rewarding and punishment. Encouragement and motivation, having a master (teacher), and presence in classroom (instruction), Practice, action, and repetition, involvement in schooling Ghazali invites people to an open attitude to different sciences and showing an open face to them, whatever their subjects might be, because knowledge, irrespective of its subject is noble. It is necessary that differences among ideas to be accepted.

Diversity of ideas and views in a single subject is not a reason for invalidation of that subject. There are two reasons for this opinion of Ghazali: first) there are many kinds of potential sciences that have not been yet actualized, and humans can achieve them. Second) discovering of one new science causes deepness in one’s faith and firmness in Islam. If religious sciences cause cognition of God and His Attributes, natural sciences reveal and expose the Acts of the exalted God in being.

Thus, Ghazali invites teachers to inform their students of the value of all science in order that the students, observing graduality and sequence, to study other sciences after learning each branch of science. Ghazali is of the opinion that it is up to the wise of a society to study and investigate the new or foreign subject and make it suitable for their own society adorned with values.