Thus Ibn Sina deems it necessary that the boy after learning...

Thus Ibn Sina deems it necessary that the boy after learning the Qur’an and the principles of the Arabic language, to be led to one of crafts and occupations which is consistent to his nature (Ali & Reza; translation, Criticism and additions by Rafiee, 2005). Teaching and instruction methods should bring the students to the educational goals. Therefore, to reach the goals envisioned by Sa’di, there is emphasis on such activities as question and answer, and improved lecture methods.

He also suggested some points in teaching, instruction, and learning that can improve students’ education. He not only emphasized paying attention to the techniques of speaking or talking, but also placed much emphasis on the distinct role of silence as one of the greatest techniques or methods of increasing and improving educational policies.

The importance of questioning and asking from Sa’di’s viewpoint is revealed when he says, “They asked Imam Mursheed Muhammad Ben Muhammad Ghazali, (on whom be the mercy of God!) by what means he had attained such a degree of knowledge.

He replied, ‘In this manner, whatever I did not know, I was not ashamed to enquire about…’” He tells people to inquire about everything you do not know; “since for the small trouble of asking, you will be guided in the respectable road of knowledge (Gulistan, chapter VIII, tale LXXVII). However, he also notes “that whenever you are certain that anything will be known to you in time, be not hasty in inquiring after it” (ibid, tale LXXVIII).One should think and then answer.

He says that “whosoever doth not reflect before he giveth an answer, will generally speak improperly” (Gulistan, chapter VIII, tale XXXVI). Sa’di refers to three points in applying the question-and-answer method. First, we should question for knowledge: He believes that one should not ask a question for pedantry, ostentation and dawdling, and for getting information about the other’s private and personal affairs.

Therefore, if the questioner receives his answer without asking and with patience and silence, it is not necessary that he asks a question. Second, ask questions of the wise ones: Sa’di is of the opinion that one should ask educated, knowledgeable and well-intentioned scholars. Third, he believes in the necessity of a well-thought-out answer.